Recount Text

Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience.

Generic Structure of Recount
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the pasta
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

Language Feature of Recount
• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
• Using simple past tense

Example : 

My Horror Experience

I stayed a night at Sakhuwa of Gati VDC because a landslide near Baseri had blocked the road, The next morning, I hopped onto the bus with registration number Ba 2 Kha 4013 that was on the way to Barhabise from Tatopani.
 

I took a seat by the doorside and remember that there were around 35 passengers, including me. The driver started the bus. A kilometer into the journey, I noticed a ditch on the road.
 

The driver tried to avert the ditch. Before I could know what was going on, the bus started hurtling towards the Bhotekoshi.
 

I had given up hope of surviving, but found a ventilator glass broken. I came out of the shattered glass and plunged into the Bhotekoshi.
 

The river carried me for about 35 kilometers and left me on the shallow surface. I passed out after that. The rescuers took me to a hospital when I regained consciousness.
 

I heard later that all except four passengers had survived. I have sustained injuries on the face, hands and other body parts. Nonetheless, I feel that surviving was my destiny.

Procedure Text

Procedure is the set of steps which should be completed in the right sequence to get the goal. In our daily life, we often have to perform some steps to make or get something done.

Generic Structure of procedure

1. Goal : Title of the text (especially for a recipe)
2. Materials : Optional, not for all procedural texts
3. Steps : a series steps oriented to achieving the Goal

Generic Features
1. The use of Simple Present Tense, often in an imperative form e.g. Add some sugar, prepare it,.
2. The use mainly of temporal conjunction (or numbering to indicate sequence especially in written text)

How to Make Spaghetti Bolognese → 

The Goal: to make spaghetti Bolognese

Ingredients → The Materials

375 gm Spaghetti

410 gm Tomato

1 tbsp Olive oil

1 Medium brown onion, chopped finely

500 gm Minced beef

1 Clove garlic, crushed

1/2 Cup tomato paste

1/4 Cup beef stock

1/2 tsp Sugar

1/2 Cup dry red wine

2 tsp Fresh oregano

1 tbsp Fresh basil, finely shredded

How to make Spaghetti Bolognese → The Steps

1. Heat oil in a big saucepan and cook onion and garlic in it on medium heat till onion is soft, keep stirring.
2. Add beef to the pan, stir continuously on high flame till well browned.
3. Crush the tomatoes using potato masher.
4. Add tomato paste, wine, stock, sugar and crushed tomatoes and bring it to a boil.
5. Reduce the heat, covered and simmer for about 30 minutes till beef is tender and mixture thickened slightly.
6. Now stir through herbs.
7. Meanwhile, cook pasta in a big saucepan of boiling water, uncovered, till just tender, drain.
8. Now serve sauce over spaghetti.

Present Perfect Tense

The Formula of Present Perfect Tense :
Positif: S + have/has + V3
Negatif: S + have/sas Not + V3
Tanya:   Have/has + S + V3

Situation 1: The present perfect tense connects the past with the present. It states that something began in the past and it continues to the present. We usually use for or since in the sentence.




Examples:
She has been in her room since this morning.
It has rained for days.
I have known Tina since high school.



Situation 2: The present perfect is used to express an unfinished period of time. The action likely happened repeatedly in the past, and the present perfect suggests that the action may happen again in the future.




Examples:
I have taken three tests this semester.
The hens have laid plenty of eggs.
John has gone out again.

Situation 3: The present perfect can be used to talk about experience from the past without giving the specific times that it happened




Examples:
We have seen this movie already.
I have lost my wallet.
There has been an accident.








Situation 4: We use the present perfect tense to report events that happened in the recent past. The effect(s) of the recent event is still felt or seen in the present.




Examples:
I have made you a cup of tea.
He has cut his finger.

Giving Instruction

  

Giving Instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request. Instruction ( also called imperatives ).
       Instruction require the person receiving them to do something, or to do stop doing it. Instruction are directly addressed to the person who has to do them. Therefore, instruction are one of the few types of English sentences that do not need a subject ! the subject is usually “ you “ ( understood ). If there is any doubt who should do the instruction, the “ naming “ form the vocative is used.

Asking for Instructions

How do you (do this)?
How do I…?
What is the best way to…?
How do I go about it?
What do you suggest?
How do you suggest I proceed?
What is the first step?

Giving Instructions 

First, (you)…

Then, (you)…

Next, (you)…

Lastly, (you)…

Starting out 

Before you begin, (you should…)
The first thing you do is…
I would start by…
The best place to begin is…
To begin with,

Continuing 

After that,

The next step is to…

The next thing you do is…

Once you’ve done that, then…

When you finish that, then…

Finishing 

The last step is…

The last thing you do is…

In the end,

When you’ve finished,

When you’ve completed all the steps

Narrative Text

The purpose of Narrative text is to entertain, create or stimulate emotions, motivate, guide, and teach reader.

Narrative text usually has a moral value. A narrative text may include folktales, myths, legends, etc

.

The Structure of Narrative Text :

Orientation: it means to introduce the participants or the characters of the story with the time and place set. Orientation actually exists in every text type though it has different term. 

Complication: it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the crisis, the story is not a narrative text. In a long story, the complication appears in several situations. It means that some time there is more then one complication. 

Resolution: it is the final series of the events which happen in the story. The resolution can be good or bad. The point is that it has been accomplished by the characters. 

THE EXAMPLE :

Momotaro

Once upon a time, there lived in Japan a peasant and his wife. They were sad couple because they had no children. They kept praying to their god pleading to give them a child.

While cutting wood by a stream one day, the man saw a large peach floating on the water. He ran to pick it up. His wife was excited because she had never seen such a large peach before. They were about to cut the peach when they heard a voice from inside.

The couples were surprised to do anything. The peach then cracked open, and there was a beautiful baby inside. The couples were very happy, of course. They named the baby Momotaro, which meant ‘peach boy’.

Momotaro grew up to be clever, courage young man. His parents loved him very much.

One day, Momotaro told his parents hat he was going to fight the pirates who always attacked their village. These pirates lived on an island a few kilometers away. Momotaro’s mother packed his food, and his father gave him a sword. Having blessed Momotaro, they sent him off on his journey.

Sailing on his boat, Momotaro met an eagle going in the same direction. They became good friends; soon, both of them arrived on the island of the pirates.

Momotaro drew out the sacred sword his father had given him and began to fight the pirates. The eagle flew over the thieves’ heads, pecking at their eyes. Finally, the pirates were defeated.

Momotaro brought home all the goods that pirates had stolen. His parents were proud of him, and they were overjoyed at his victory and save return.

Expressing Happines

Happiness  Expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.

• What is happiness ?

It is important to first understand that the term ‘’happiness ‘’ refers to the emotion ,mood ,and state of happiness ,however researchers generally study the more enduring ‘’state”. Expression happiness is used to expression happiness feelings when we are successful to do something.

• What  would you say to express you happiness ?

    Ø  I’m happy because……….

    Ø  Fantastic

    Ø  Great

    Ø  You make me happy

    Ø  I’m so glad that you

    Ø  I like ……..

    Ø  I’m pleased with

    Ø  Congratulation

    Ø  Oh, I’m so happy

    Ø  I can’t say how pleased I am

    Ø  What a marvelous place I’ve ever soon

    Ø  It’s an outstanding adventure

    Ø  It’s an interesting experience

    Ø  It’s a sensational trip

    Ø  Great!

    Ø  Exciting!

    Ø  Fantastic

    Ø  Super

    Ø  Terrific

    Ø  Smashing

    Ø  Hey, that’s terrific/great

• We can happiness expression of  by :

    Ø  Word( kata-kata)

    Ø  Gestures ( gerakan )

• For the example of dialouge about happiness expression:

Dian  : What do you accept from your birthday ,dhina?

Kevin : Fantastic ,I can a new bag from my father. That’s new bag, It is    very good

Dian  : Oh, I ‘m happy  too hear it.

Kevin : Thank’z , nhya

Dian  : You are welcome

Expressing Symphaty

Sympathy Expression is an expression or feeling of pity  and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition .By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people ‘s condition.•How can we give sympathy expression to someone :We express it directly to him/her orally or we  can use a letter or card by post also by short message service ( sms ), e-mail,television ,radio ,and newspaper if he /she who got the trouble is far from us.

expressing sypathy digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa simpati kepada seseorang atas suatu kejadian, baik kabar menggembirakan atau tidak.

Ungkapan simpati terhadap sesuatu yang menyenangkan·         I'm (very) glad to hear that!
·         Nice to hear that
·         I'm happy for you then.
·         Great!
·         Fantastic!
·         How exciting!
Ungkapan simpati terhadap sesuatu yang tidak menyenangkan·         I am (very) sorry to hear that.
·         Please accept my condolences.
·         I know how you feel.
·         You must be very Upset
·         Oh, poor jane. What happened to her?
·         How awful!
·         That's too bad.
·         How terrible!
Untuk merespon ungkapan simpati, kita dapat mengucapkan kalimat berikut.·         Thanks./Thank you.
·         Right.
·         You're right.
·         That's right.